Etymology:
Meaning:
The epact is a chronological quantity that measures the age of the Moon at the beginning of a given calendar year. It represents the number of days that have passed since the previous new moon.
Origin:
The concept of the epact originated in ancient Greece. The ancient Greek calendar was a lunar calendar, and the epact was used to determine the dates of religious festivals that were based on the phases of the Moon.
The epact was calculated by subtracting the date of the new moon on January 1 of the previous year from the date of the new moon on January 1 of the current year. The result was the epact for the current year.
The epact was also used in the Roman calendar to determine the dates of Easter. The Council of Nicaea in 325 CE established that Easter should always be celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the March equinox. The epact was used to calculate the date of the March equinox, and hence the date of Easter.
The epact continues to be used in some liturgical calendars, such as the Orthodox calendar, to determine the dates of religious festivals.
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