consternate etymology

Etymology:

• Ultimately from Latin "consternare," meaning "to throw to the ground" or "to astound"

Meaning:

• To cause great dismay or shock
• To overwhelm with surprise, confusion, or fear

Origin:

The Latin verb "consternare" is derived from the following roots:

• "com-" (with, together)
• "sternere" (to spread out, to lay low)

The prefix "com-" indicates that the action is done in conjunction with something else, while "sternere" refers to the physical act of throwing or laying something down. Thus, "consternare" originally meant "to throw to the ground together."

Over time, the meaning of "consternare" evolved to encompass not only physical overthrow but also psychological and emotional shock. This shift in meaning is reflected in the modern English word "consternate," which refers specifically to the emotional state of dismay or astonishment.

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