phalanx etymology

Etymology:

• Greek "phalanks" (φάλαγξ)

Meaning:

• A close-ordered military formation of infantrymen, typically in a dense rectangular block.
• A group of people or animals arranged in a dense mass or line.

Origin:

The word "phalanx" originated in ancient Greece and referred to the formation used by hoplites, heavily armored foot soldiers who formed a solid wall of overlapping shields and spears. The term was later adopted by other cultures, including the Romans, who used similar formations.

Historical Usage:

• Ancient Greece: Hoplites would stand shoulder-to-shoulder in close order, with their shields interlocked and spears extended. This formation provided them with maximum defensive protection and allowed them to charge into battle with great force.
• Ancient Rome: The Roman legion adopted a different type of phalanx known as the "testudo" (tortoise), where the soldiers overlapped their shields over their heads and bodies for maximum protection.
• Modern Usage: The term "phalanx" is still used today to describe military formations, such as infantry or armored units that operate in close order. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a group of people or animals that are closely united or arranged.

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