Etymology
Meaning
Artery refers to a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's organs and tissues.
Origin
The earliest known use of the term "artery" comes from the Greek word ἀρτηρία (artēria), which originally referred to the windpipe or trachea. The windpipe was believed to transport air to the lungs and heart, hence its name (from ἀήρ, aēr, "air").
Over time, the term "artery" came to be applied to blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This was because the ancient Greeks and Romans believed that air was transformed into blood in the heart and then pumped through arteries to nourish the body.
The term "artery" entered English in the 14th century from the Latin arteria. The word's original meaning of "windpipe" is still preserved in the anatomical term "trachea," which is derived from the Greek word τραχεῖα (tracheia), meaning "rough" (referring to the rough, cartilaginous rings of the windpipe).
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