Etymology:
The word "Zend" is derived from the modern Persian word "zend", which means "commentary" or "interpretation". It ultimately originates from the Proto-Iranian word zainti, meaning "knowledge" or "wisdom".
Meaning:
In the context of Zoroastrianism, Zend refers to the Avestan language, which is the liturgical and ceremonial language of the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrianism. The Zend Avesta is the collection of commentaries and interpretations of the Avesta in the Zend language.
Origin:
The Zend language evolved from Old Avestan, which was spoken in the eastern Iranian regions during the Achaemenid period (6th-4th centuries BCE). Over time, Old Avestan evolved into Younger Avestan, which was eventually replaced by Middle Persian as the spoken language of the Zoroastrian communities.
Zend, as a commentary language, arose during the Sassanid period (3rd-7th centuries CE), when scholars and priests sought to preserve and interpret the ancient Avestan texts. The Zend commentaries were written in the Zend language, which had become a liturgical and scholarly language.
Usage:
The term "Zend" is often used in conjunction with "Avesta" to refer to the collection of sacred texts and commentaries in the Zoroastrian tradition. The term "Zend Avesta" is used to denote the complete body of Zoroastrian religious literature, which includes the original Avestan texts and their Zend commentaries.
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