Etymology:
The word "Sanhedrin" is derived from the Greek word "sunedrion," which means "sitting together" or "council." It is related to the Hebrew word "sanhedrin," which has the same meaning.
Meaning:
The Sanhedrin was the governing body and highest court of the Jewish community in ancient Judea during the Second Temple period (c. 536 BCE - 70 CE).
Origin:
The Sanhedrin originated during the Persian period (539-333 BCE). At that time, the Jewish community was led by a high priest and a council of elders known as the Great Assembly. As the Jewish population grew and the political situation changed, the Great Assembly evolved into the Sanhedrin.
Composition and Role:
The Sanhedrin consisted of 71 members, including high priests, elders, scribes, and lay people. It was headed by the high priest and met in the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The Sanhedrin's primary functions were:
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