Etymology and Origin:
Lupercalia is an ancient Roman festival, primarily associated with the purification and fertility rites of shepherds. The name "Lupercalia" is believed to derive from two possible etymological roots:
The origins of Lupercalia are shrouded in mystery and legend. Some historians trace it back to an ancient shepherd festival, while others suggest it may be linked to the Roman myth of Romulus and Remus, who were raised by a wolf.
Meaning and Significance:
Lupercalia was a festival of purification, fertility, and the renewal of life. It was held on February 15th, at the Lupercal cave beneath the Palatine Hill in Rome.
The priests of Lupercus, known as the Luperci, would gather at the cave and perform a ritual sacrifice of a goat and a dog. The skins of these animals were then cut into strips called februa.
The Luperci would don the februa and run around the Palatine Hill, whipping women who lined their path. This whipping was believed to confer fertility and ward off evil spirits.
The festival also included rites of purification with water and the offering of cakes made from spelt. These rituals symbolized the renewal of life and the coming of spring.
Lupercalia was eventually banned by Pope Gelasius I in the 5th century AD, but its influence can still be seen in modern Christian traditions such as the feast of Saint Valentine's Day, which is celebrated on February 14th, the day before Lupercalia.
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