aphotic etymology

Etymology:

• Greek: "a-" (without) + "phos" (light)

Meaning:

A photic refers to:

• The deepest layer of an aquatic ecosystem where light does not penetrate and photosynthesis cannot occur.

Origin:

The term "aphotic" was first proposed by Danish biologist Christian Wilhelm Johannes Müller in 1859. He recognized that beyond a certain depth in the ocean, there was insufficient light for plants to grow. He coined the term "aphotic zone" to describe this region.

Usage:

The aphotic zone is characterized by:

• Absence of light: No sunlight can reach this layer, so there is no photosynthesis.
• High pressure: The water pressure at these depths is immense.
• Limited oxygen: Dissolved oxygen levels are often low, supporting specialized fauna adapted to low-oxygen environments.

Organisms that live in the aphotic zone include:

• Deep-sea fish with bioluminescent adaptations
• Bioluminescent jellyfish
• Benthic invertebrates such as sea stars and sea urchins

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