Etymology:
The word "Tory" is derived from the Irish Gaelic phrase "tóir éire," which means "follow Ireland."
Meaning and Origin:
In the early 17th century, the term "Tory" was used by Irish Catholics to refer to guerrilla fighters who opposed English rule and sought independence for Ireland. These guerrillas were known for their hit-and-run tactics, raiding English settlements and attacking government forces.
In the 1640s, the term "Tory" began to be used in English politics to describe supporters of the royalist cause during the English Civil War. These royalists were opposed to the Puritan Parliamentarians and favored the restoration of King Charles I to the throne.
After the Restoration in 1660, the term "Tory" became associated with the Conservative Party, which supported the king, the Church of England, and a strong military. Tories emphasized tradition, stability, and the importance of social hierarchy.
In the late 19th century, the Conservative Party became known as the Unionist Party in Ireland, as it opposed Irish Home Rule. The term "Tory" continued to be used to refer to Conservative Party members, particularly those who were particularly conservative or staunchly opposed to Irish independence.
Modern Usage:
Today, "Tory" is still used to refer to members of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom and Canada. It can also be used more broadly to describe a person who holds conservative political views, particularly those who favor small government, low taxes, and social conservatism.
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