Etymology:
The word "lictor" is derived from the Latin word "ligare," meaning "to bind."
Meaning:
A lictor was an official in ancient Rome who was responsible for carrying out the orders of a magistrate. Lictors were typically armed with fasces, bundles of rods bound together with an ax, which symbolized the magistrate's authority.
Origin:
The origin of the lictorate is uncertain, but it is believed to have developed during the early Roman Republic. Lictors initially served as bodyguards and messengers for the king of Rome. As the Republic evolved, lictors became associated with the authority of magistrates, such as consuls, praetors, and tribunes.
Role and Responsibilities:
Lictors played an important role in Roman society:
Hierarchy:
There was a hierarchy among lictors, with the chief lictor, known as the "primus lictor," having the highest rank. Lictors typically belonged to the equestrian order, the second-highest social class in Rome.
Decline:
The lictorate gradually declined in importance during the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. As the emperor gained more power, the need for lictors as symbols of magisterial authority diminished.
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