Etymology
The word "lees" is derived from the Old English word "les" or "liese," which means "sediment or dregs." It is believed to be related to the Proto-Germanic root "*lausaz," which also means "sediment" or "dregs."
Meaning
Lees are defined as the sediment that settles at the bottom of a container of fermented liquid, such as wine or beer. They consist of yeast, dead yeast cells, grape skins, and other particles that were suspended in the liquid during fermentation.
Origin
Lees are produced when yeast breaks down sugars in fermented liquids, converting them into alcohol and carbon dioxide. As fermentation progresses, the yeast cells and other suspended particles settle to the bottom of the container, forming a layer of lees.
In the production of wine, lees play an important role in the aging and maturation process. The winemaker may decide to leave the wine on its lees for extended periods or stir the lees periodically to impart different flavors and textures to the wine.
In the production of beer, lees can contribute to the flavor and bitterness of the finished product. Some brewers may leave a small amount of lees in the beer to give it a fuller body and enhanced flavors.
Additional Notes
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