Etymology
The word "kaiser" derives from the Old High German word "keisar," which is itself derived from the Latin word "Caesar."
Meaning and Origin
The Latin word "Caesar" was originally a cognomen (family name) belonging to the Julius family, the most famous member of which was Julius Caesar. After Julius Caesar became dictator of Rome, the title "Caesar" was adopted by his successors as a title of imperial authority.
When the Roman Empire was divided into the Western and Eastern Roman Empires in the 4th century, the Western Roman Emperor retained the title of "Caesar." After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the title continued to be used by Germanic rulers who saw themselves as heirs to the Roman Empire.
The first Germanic ruler to adopt the title "kaiser" was Charlemagne, who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in 800 AD. Charlemagne's empire included much of Western Europe, and the title "kaiser" became associated with the Holy Roman Empire for centuries to come.
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the title "kaiser" continued to be used by the Austrian emperor until the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. In German, the word "Kaiser" is still used to refer to the emperor of Germany.
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