Etymology
The word "inoculation" originated in the 18th century, derived from the Latin word "inoculatio," which means "to graft or insert."
Meaning
Inoculation refers to the process of introducing a weakened or modified form of a pathogen into an organism to stimulate the immune system to develop immunity without causing the disease.
Origin
The concept of inoculation traces its roots back to ancient China and India, where variolation was practiced. Variolation involved intentionally exposing individuals to smallpox scabs to confer immunity against the deadly disease.
However, it was not until the 18th century that Edward Jenner, an English physician, formalized the scientific basis of inoculation. In 1796, Jenner published his groundbreaking study demonstrating that exposure to cowpox, a less severe disease, could protect against smallpox.
This discovery led to the development of vaccines, a term coined by Louis Pasteur in the 19th century, which are weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens used for inoculation purposes.
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