Etymology
The word "inertial" is derived from the Latin word "iners," meaning "idle" or "lazy."
Meaning
In physics, "inertial" refers to an object's resistance to changes in its motion. An inertial object will continue to move at a constant velocity (speed and direction) unless acted upon by an external force.
Origin
The concept of inertia was first introduced by Galileo Galilei in the 16th century. Galileo observed that objects in motion would continue to move in a straight line at a constant speed unless something interfered with their motion. This idea was revolutionary at the time, as it contradicted the prevailing Aristotelian view that objects in motion would naturally slow down and eventually stop.
Galileo's insights laid the foundation for Isaac Newton's first law of motion, which states:
An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
The term "inertial" was coined later, by other scientists, to describe this property of objects.
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