Etymology:
The word "basalt" is derived from the Latin word "basaltes" (plural: "basaltae"), which in turn comes from the Greek word "βάσαλος" (basalos) meaning "whetstone" or "black stone."
Meaning:
Basalt is a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that is formed when lava cools rapidly on the surface of the Earth. It is composed primarily of minerals such as pyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase feldspar.
Origin:
Basalts are formed from the solidification of basaltic magma, which is a type of molten rock that is rich in iron and magnesium. Basaltic magma is generated by partial melting of the Earth's mantle, which is the layer of the Earth beneath the crust. When the magma rises to the surface, it can erupt as lava, which then cools to form basalt.
Basalts are found in a variety of geological settings, including:
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