Etymology:
Meaning:
Aniline is a primary aromatic amine with the formula C6H5NH2. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic amine odor.
Origin:
Aniline was first isolated in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben, a German chemist, who obtained it from the destructive distillation of indigo. It was later synthesized in 1843 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zinin by reducing nitrobenzene with iron and hydrochloric acid.
The commercial production of aniline began in the 1850s, and it quickly became an important intermediate in the dye industry. Aniline dyes, such as mauveine and fuchsine, revolutionized the textile industry and made vibrant, colorfast fabrics possible.
Today, aniline is still widely used as a precursor to a variety of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial chemicals. It is also used in the production of rubber, explosives, and photographic developers.
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