Etymology
The word "utilitarianism" is derived from the Latin word "utilis", meaning "useful" or "profitable".
Meaning
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the primary goal of actions should be to promote the greatest happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people.
Origin
The term "utilitarianism" was first used in the 18th century by Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of the theory. Bentham coined the term to describe his own ethical system, which he outlined in his book "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" (1789). Bentham argued that the rightness or wrongness of an action can be determined by calculating its consequences and determining whether it promotes happiness or utility.
Other philosophers who have contributed to the development of utilitarianism include John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, and George Edward Moore. Each of these philosophers has offered different interpretations of the theory and emphasized different aspects of its application. However, all utilitarians share the common belief that the pursuit of happiness and well-being should be the primary goal of moral actions.
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