Etymology
The name "Tocharian" is derived from the ancient Chinese name for the region where the Tocharian languages were spoken: 吐火羅 (Pinyin: Tǔhuǒluó), modern Chinese: 吐火罗 (Tǔhuōluó). This name was later adopted by Western scholars to refer to the languages themselves.
Meaning
The meaning of the Chinese name is uncertain. It may derive from a Tokharian word meaning "land of the fires" or "land of the burning sun." Alternatively, it may be from an Iranian language spoken in the region, and mean "country of the warriors."
Origin
The Tocharian languages are an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family. They were spoken in the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, in present-day Xinjiang, China. The Tocharian peoples were likely migrants from the Iranian Plateau who settled in the Tarim Basin sometime before the 1st century BCE.
The Tocharian languages are divided into two main branches:
Tocharian A was spoken in the eastern Tarim Basin, while Tocharian B was spoken in the western Tarim Basin. Both languages were used in administrative and religious texts, and they continued to be spoken until the 8th century CE.
The Tocharian languages are closely related to the Indo-Iranian languages, and they share many features with other Indo-European languages. However, they also have some unique features that distinguish them from other Indo-European languages.
Extinction
The Tocharian languages became extinct sometime after the 8th century CE. The reasons for their extinction are not entirely clear, but they may have been due to the influx of Turkic peoples into the Tarim Basin, the spread of Buddhism, and the decline of the Silk Road.
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