orphan etymology

Etymology and Meaning

The word "orphan" comes from the Greek word "orfanos" (ὀρφανός), meaning "bereaved" or "without parents." It originally referred to a child who had lost both parents through death.

Origin

The Greek word "orfanos" is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erp-, which means "to be bereft" or "to be deprived of." Variations of this root are found in several Indo-European languages:

• Sanskrit: √rabh- "to seize, rob"
• Latin: orbus "bereft, without"
• Old English: earf "deprived"

The Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erp- likely conveys the idea of being forcibly separated or taken away. Over time, the specific meaning of "bereaved of parents" became associated with the Greek word "orfanos."

Additional Notes

• The term "orphan" can also be used figuratively to refer to someone who is alone, helpless, or in need of care.
• In modern usage, the definition of an orphan has been expanded to include children who have lost only one parent.
• The noun form of "orphan" is "orphanage," which refers to an institution where orphans are cared for.

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