Etymology:
The word "monsoon" is derived from the Arabic word "mawsim", which means "season".
Meaning:
A monsoon is a seasonal reversal of the prevailing wind direction, accompanied by a change in precipitation patterns.
Origin:
Monsoons are caused by seasonal shifts in the Earth's atmospheric pressure and temperature gradients, primarily over the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. During the summer (June-September), the landmass of Asia heats up significantly, causing low pressure over land. This triggers the influx of moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. This is known as the Southwest Monsoon.
During the winter (December-March), the situation reverses. The landmass of Asia cools, causing high pressure over land. This draws dry, cold air from the interior of Asia towards the Indian Ocean, resulting in a reduction in rainfall. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon.
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