foul etymology

Etymology

The word "foul" has Old Germanic roots:

  • Anglo-Saxon: fūl
  • Old Norse: fúll
  • Old High German: fūl

Meaning

"Foul" originally meant "bad-smelling" or "dirty." Over time, it has acquired several additional meanings, including:

  • Unpleasant or offensive: e.g., a foul odor or a foul taste
  • Dishonest or unfair: e.g., a foul play or a foul bargain
  • Offensive or abusive: e.g., foul language
  • Inappropriate or vulgar: e.g., a foul joke
  • In violation of rules or regulations: e.g., a foul in sports

Origin

The precise origin of "foul" is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root "bʰu-" (bheu-*), meaning "to swell" or "to be swollen." This root is also found in the English words "putrid" and "infamous."

It is believed that "foul" originally referred to the unpleasant odor of decaying matter. As its meaning evolved, it came to be applied to other unpleasant or offensive things, as well as to actions or behaviors that are considered dishonest, unfair, or inappropriate.

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