Etymology
Meaning
Origin
The term "filioque" was first added to the Nicene Creed at the First Council of Toledo in 589 CE. The council was held in the Kingdom of the Visigoths, which had recently converted to Christianity from Arianism. Arianism denied the divinity of Jesus Christ, and the addition of "filioque" to the Creed was seen as a way to emphasize the full deity of Christ.
The addition of "filioque" to the Creed was controversial, and it has been a major point of contention between the Eastern and Western churches since the Great Schism in 1054. The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the filioque addition, while the Roman Catholic Church and most other Western Christian churches accept it.
Explanation
The original Nicene Creed, which was adopted at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 CE, stated that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father. The addition of "filioque" to the Creed means that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
This distinction is significant because it has implications for the doctrine of the Trinity. If the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father, then the Son is subordinate to the Father. However, if the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, then the Son is coequal with the Father.
The Eastern Orthodox Church believes that the Holy Spirit proceeds only from the Father, while the Roman Catholic Church and most other Western Christian churches believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son. This difference in belief is one of the major theological differences between the Eastern and Western churches.
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