Etymology:
The term "dissociation" is derived from the Latin word "dissociare," meaning "to separate or disjoin." It was first used in psychology in the late 19th century by French psychologist Pierre Janet to describe a mental state characterized by a detachment from oneself and one's surroundings.
Meaning:
Dissociation refers to a psychological process in which an individual experiences a temporary separation or fragmentation of their thoughts, memories, emotions, or sense of identity. It involves a disruption in the normally integrated functioning of the mind, which can lead to a range of psychological symptoms.
Origin:
The concept of dissociation has been recognized throughout history, with descriptions of dissociative phenomena appearing in ancient texts, folklore, and literature. However, it was not until the late 19th century that dissociation began to be systematically studied and described as a psychological condition.
Early theories of dissociation focused on explaining the phenomenon in terms of neurological dysfunction. Sigmund Freud後來提出了心理動力學的觀點,認為解離是潛意識衝突的一種防禦機制。他認為,當個人無法應對強烈的創傷或壓力時,他們的自我會分成不同的部分以應對這些不可接受的想法或情感。
在 20 世紀初,Janet 等人對解離進行了廣泛的研究,並提出了解離理論的結構模型。他們認為,解離是一個連續體,從輕度解離(例如失神)到嚴重的解離身份障礙(以前稱為多重人格障礙)。
現代對解離的研究仍在繼續,並已擴展到包括神經影像學、認知心理學和創傷研究等領域。這種研究進一步增強了我們對解離本質的理解,並導致了更有效的治療方法的發展。
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