Etymology
The word "codominant" is derived from two Latin roots: * co-, meaning "together with" or "jointly" * dominari, meaning "to rule" or "to dominate"
Meaning and Origin
In genetics, codominance describes a situation where two different alleles of the same gene are both expressed in the phenotype of an individual. This means that both alleles contribute equally to the observable traits of the organism.
The concept of codominance was first described by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with pea plants. Mendel observed that when he crossed plants with different flower colors (e.g., red and white), the offspring did not show a blended color (pink) as expected under the theory of blending inheritance. Instead, the offspring exhibited both red and white flowers. Mendel explained this result by proposing that the two alleles for flower color were both expressed in the offspring, resulting in codominance.
Examples of Codominance
Examples of codominance include: * Blood type in humans: There are three alleles for the ABO blood group gene, encoding for antigens A, B, and O. If an individual inherits one A allele and one B allele, they will have the AB blood type, expressing both antigens on their red blood cells. * Coat color in cattle: The shorthorn breed of cattle displays codominance for coat color. There are two alleles for coat color, one encoding for red and the other for white. Cattle that inherit one allele of each color will have a roan coat, with a mixture of red and white hairs. * Feathers in chickens: Some breeds of chickens exhibit codominance for feather color. The dominant allele produces barred feathers, while the recessive allele produces non-barred feathers. Chickens that inherit one copy of each allele will have a checkered pattern of feathers.
Etymology Late Middle English from Old French dominant present participle of dominer
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