Etymology:
The name "Bulgar" is derived from the Turkic word "Bulğa" or "Bulgar", which means "to mix, stir, ferment".
Meaning and Origin:
The Bulgars were a nomadic people of Turkic origin who emerged as a distinct entity in the 5th century CE. Their name likely reflects their mixed ethnic origins, as they are believed to have been composed of various Turkic, Iranian, and Finno-Ugric tribes.
Historical Background:
The Bulgars first appeared in the historical record in the 4th century CE in the region north of the Caspian Sea. They established a powerful confederation known as Old Great Bulgaria, which ruled over a vast territory in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
In the 6th century CE, a group of Bulgars migrated westward and settled in the Balkans, where they eventually established the First Bulgarian Empire. Another group migrated eastward and founded the Volga Bulgaria state in the region between the Volga and Ural Rivers.
Both the Balkan Bulgars and the Volga Bulgars maintained their Turkic identity for several centuries, but they gradually adopted Slavic languages and cultures over time. The Balkan Bulgars became the ancestors of the modern Bulgarian people, while the Volga Bulgars were assimilated into the Turkic populations of Central Asia.
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