Etymology:
Meaning:
A large, typically rectangular public building used for various civic and judicial purposes in ancient Rome and later adapted for Christian worship.
Origin:
The term "basilica" originally referred to an open-air portico used for public assemblies. According to the ancient Roman writer Vitruvius, these porticos were first built in Rome during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus (616-579 BC).
In the 5th century BC, the Romans began constructing enclosed basilicas for civic and judicial proceedings. These basilicas were typically large, rectangular buildings with a central nave flanked by aisles and a raised platform for the judge or presiding officials.
Adaptation for Christian Worship:
In the early days of Christianity, the basilica design was adopted for Christian worship as it provided a spacious and flexible space suitable for large gatherings. The central nave was used for worshipers, the aisles for processions, and the raised platform became the sanctuary.
Early Christian basilicas were relatively simple in design, but over time they evolved into more elaborate structures with decorative elements, mosaics, and frescoes. Notable examples include the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome and the Basilica of St. Sophia in Constantinople.
Modern Usage:
Today, the term "basilica" is used to refer to:
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