Etymology:
The term "refractory" derives from the Latin word "refringere," meaning "to break" or "to resist."
Meaning:
In geology, a refractory material is a substance that is resistant to heat and chemical erosion. It can withstand high temperatures without melting, decomposing, or significantly changing its structure.
Origin:
The use of the term "refractory" in the geological sense dates back to the late 18th century. In 1774, the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier conducted experiments on fire-resistant materials. He classified them into two categories:
Over time, the term "refractory" has been primarily used to refer to non-metallic substances with high thermal and chemical resistance. These materials are commonly used in high-temperature applications, such as furnaces, kilns, and crucibles.
Some common refractory materials include:
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