"Herod" is a Latinized form of the Greek "Hērōdēs," which is derived from the Hebrew name "Hōrōdūs."
"Hōrōdūs" is thought to be an adjectival form of the Hebrew word "hōrat," meaning "splendor" or "majesty."
Meaning:
Literally: "Splendid" or "majestic"
Figuratively: To act in an excessively cruel or tyrannical manner
Origin:
The term "out-Herod Herod" originated in Shakespeare's play "Hamlet" (c. 1603).
In the play, the character of Hamlet accuses the actor-king of "out-Heroding Herod" by overacting and exaggerating the portrayal of Herod's cruelty.
Historical Context:
Herod the Great (73-4 BC) was a Roman client-king of Judea.
He was known for his ruthless suppression of opposition and his grandiose building projects, including the expansion of the Temple in Jerusalem.
Herod's cruelty and extravagance became legendary, and his name became synonymous with excessive tyranny.
Usage:
"Out-Herod Herod" is used figuratively to describe someone who goes beyond the bounds of reason in their actions, especially in terms of cruelty or ostentation.
Examples:
"The dictator's brutal crackdown on dissenters was a horrifying display of 'out-Heroding Herod.'"
"The politician's lavish campaign spending was an example of 'out-Heroding Herod' that alienated voters."
