Etymology:
The word "Mameluke" is derived from the Arabic word "mamlūk," which means "owned" or "possessed."
Meaning:
Mameluke refers to a class of slave soldiers who served as military forces in various Islamic empires, particularly in Egypt and the Middle East.
Origin:
The Mameluke system originated in the 9th century when Muslim rulers in Egypt and other regions began purchasing young slaves from non-Muslim populations, such as the Turks, Circassians, and Georgians. These slaves were converted to Islam, trained in military skills, and organized into elite military units.
Role in Islamic Empires:
Mamelukes played a significant role in the military and political history of Islamic empires. They were known for their exceptional horsemanship, archery, and discipline. They served as the primary military force in Egypt and Syria from the 13th to the 16th centuries.
Later History:
After the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, the Mamelukes remained a powerful military and political force within the Ottoman Empire. They played a key role in the administration of Egypt and other provinces. However, their influence gradually declined over time. By the 19th century, the Mamelukes were largely abolished as a military organization.
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