Etymology
The term "janizary" derives from the Turkish word "yeniçeri," which means "new soldier." The term was first used in the mid-14th century to refer to a corps of elite infantry within the Ottoman army.
Meaning
A janizary was a member of a special corps of elite infantry within the Ottoman army. They were typically non-Muslim young men who were recruited from conquered territories and forcibly converted to Islam. Janizaries were known for their exceptional military skills and played a crucial role in many Ottoman conquests.
Origin
The janissary corps was established by Sultan Orhan I in the mid-14th century. Orhan I sought to create a standing army of loyal and disciplined soldiers. The janissaries were initially recruited from among Christian children in the Balkans who were taken as prisoners of war. These children were forcibly converted to Islam and trained in the military arts.
Over time, the recruitment of janissaries expanded to include young men from all over the Ottoman Empire, regardless of religious background. However, the majority of janissaries continued to be recruited from non-Muslim communities.
The janissary corps played a significant role in the Ottoman Empire's expansion. They were particularly effective in capturing fortresses and suppressing rebellions. The janissaries also played a political role, participating in palace coups and influencing the succession of sultans.
In the 19th century, the janissary corps became increasingly corrupt and unruly. They eventually revolted against Sultan Mahmud II in 1826, leading to their disbandment.
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