Etymology and Meaning
The word "indictment" comes from the Latin "indictare," meaning "to accuse" or "to make known." It is a formal written accusation presented by a grand jury, alleging that a person has committed a crime.
Origin
The concept of indictment originated in ancient Rome, where public officials known as "tribunus plebis" had the power to accuse citizens of crimes. These accusations were called "delations."
In 12th-century England, the Norman Conquest introduced a more formal system of accusation called the "assizes." Assizes were traveling courts that convened in different counties to hear cases. The process of indictment became part of this system.
Development
Over time, the role of the grand jury in indictment evolved. Originally, grand juries were primarily tasked with investigating crimes and determining whether there was enough evidence to proceed with a trial. However, in the 17th century, grand juries began to issue formal indictments, replacing the role of the assizes.
Current Usage
Today, indictment remains an essential part of the criminal justice process in many countries, including the United States. An indictment is a serious legal document that outlines the specific charges against an accused person and forms the basis for their trial.
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