impedance etymology

Etymology:

• Latin: "impedire," meaning "to hinder, obstruct"

Meaning:

• In physics and electrical engineering, impedance is a measure of the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit or device. It is a complex quantity that includes both resistance (real part) and reactance (imaginary part).

Origin:

The term "impedance" was first used in the 19th century by Oliver Heaviside, an English mathematician and electrical engineer. He introduced the concept as a way to characterize the behavior of alternating current circuits.

Explanation:

Impedance is analogous to the resistance in a direct current (DC) circuit. In AC circuits, the opposition to current flow is due not only to the resistance of the wire or components but also to the inductive and capacitive effects of the circuit. Inductive components (e.g., coils) oppose changes in current flow, while capacitive components (e.g., capacitors) store electrical energy and release it as current.

The impedance of a circuit can be represented as a complex number in the form Z = R + jX, where R is the resistance, X is the reactance, and j is the imaginary unit. The magnitude of the impedance is given by:

|Z| = √(R² + X²)

The phase angle of the impedance is given by:

θ = arctan(X/R)

Impedance is an important parameter in AC circuits as it determines the current flow and power dissipation. It is used in the design of electrical components, power systems, and communication circuits.

impedance relate terms

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