Etymology:
The term "Ghibelline" derives from the Italian phrase "Waiblingen" or "Weiblingen," which was the name of a German castle owned by the Hohenstaufen family.
Meaning:
Ghibelline is a historical term used to refer to a political faction in medieval Italy that supported the Holy Roman Empire and opposed the power of the papacy.
Origin:
The Ghibellines emerged during the 12th century as a faction that supported the Hohenstaufen emperors, including Frederick Barbarossa and Frederick II. They were opposed by the Guelphs, who supported the pope and the papacy's claims to temporal authority.
Historical Context:
The Ghibelline-Guelph conflict was a major factor in medieval Italian politics and played a significant role in the history of cities such as Florence, Rome, and Milan. Ghibelline support was strongest in northern Italy, while Guelph support was more prevalent in central and southern Italy.
Modern Usage:
The terms "Ghibelline" and "Guelph" are sometimes still used today to refer to political factions or ideologies that have a similar relationship to the historical factions. For example, in contemporary politics, the terms "Ghibelline" and "Guelph" may be used to refer to those who support or oppose the influence of religion in public life.
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