Etymology
Meaning
Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that deals with the comparative study of human cultures and societies. It focuses on the systematic description, analysis, and comparison of different cultures, including their social organization, customs, beliefs, and material objects.
Origin
The term "ethnology" was first coined by the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder in his book "Ideas for a Philosophy of the History of Mankind" (1784). Herder used the term to refer to the study of the diverse cultures of the world and their historical development.
Over time, ethnology became associated with the study of non-Western cultures, particularly those of indigenous and primitive peoples. However, in the 20th century, the field of ethnology began to expand to include the study of all human cultures, regardless of their geographical location or level of development.
Today, ethnology is considered to be a subfield of cultural anthropology, which is itself a subfield of anthropology. Ethnological research methods typically involve fieldwork, in which researchers spend extended periods of time living and interacting with members of a particular culture. This allows them to gain a deep understanding of the culture and its various aspects.
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