defraud etymology

Etymology:

• Latin: fraudārē ("to cheat, deceive")
• Proto-Indo-European: *bhrudʰ- ("to be crooked, to deceive")

Meaning and Origin:

The word "defraud" originally meant "to deceive or cheat someone out of something." It derives from the Latin verb "fraudārē," which in turn comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bhrudʰ-, meaning "to be crooked" or "to deceive."

The notion of "crookedness" or "deception" is central to the concept of fraud. It refers to the act of intentionally misleading or deceiving someone for personal gain. The person who commits fraud is known as a "defrauder" or "fraudster."

Over time, the meaning of "defraud" has expanded to include any act of dishonesty or misrepresentation that results in financial or other harm to another party. It can encompass a wide range of behaviors, such as:

• Lying or withholding information
• Forging or altering documents
• Using false pretenses to obtain goods or services
• Misrepresenting the quality or value of something
• Failing to disclose material information

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