Etymology:
The word "berm" is derived from the French word "berme," which, in turn, comes from the Latin word "agger," meaning "heap" or "embankment."
Meaning:
A berm is a narrow ledge or shelf of earth or other material that is constructed on the downhill side of a slope or embankment to prevent erosion and provide stability.
Origin:
The earliest known use of the term "berm" in English dates back to the 16th century. It was originally used to describe a step or terrace in a garden or fortification. In the 19th century, the term began to be used more widely to refer to any type of embankment or shelf that was used to prevent erosion or provide stability.
Today, berms are commonly used in various applications, including highway and railway construction, landscaping, and flood control. They can be constructed from a variety of materials, including soil, gravel, rocks, or concrete.
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